geo-, ge- +

1. The size and shape of the earth, the measurement of terrestrial gravitational forces, and the location of fixed points on the earth's surface.
2. The branch of science that deals with the precise measurement of the size and shape of the earth, the mapping of points on its surface, and the study of its gravitational field.
3. A subdivision of geophysics which includes the determination of the size and shape of the earth, the earth's gravitational field, and the location of points fixed to the earth's crust in an earth-referred coordinate system.
4. The determination of the geometry of the earth's surface (both solid and liquid), including the time variability of this geometry.

Determination of the earth's orientation is essential because a number of measurements of geometric quantities involve observations of extraterrestrial objects (artificial satellites, radio stars, etc.). These measurements can not be interpreted without knowledge of the earth's orientation.

Relating to, or employing the theories, techniques, or results of geodesy (utilizing the precise measurement of the earth's surface or of points on its surface).

Characterized by the response of a plant to gravity in which a part of the plant adopts a horizontal position.

1. A response of a plant to gravity in which a part of the plant adopts a horizontal position.
2. Orientation at right angles to gravity.

Descriptive of a small, hollow, usually rounded rock, lined on the inside with inward-pointing crystals.

Such related geodes form when mineral-rich water entering a cavity in a rock undergoes a sudden change in pressure or temperature, causing crystals to form from the solution and line the cavity's walls.

The study of the processes in the earth's interior.

A ground-living organism.

A genotypic population (group of organisms that share a similar genetic makeup) that is isolated by physiographic barriers (physical features of the earth's surface).

An intentional planetary-scale interference in natural systems; that is, the large-scale storage of CO₂ in the ocean interior, with the goal of promoting climate stabilization and reducing undesired anthropogenic changes.

1. A mineral or rock resource that is found in an archaeological site.

This often reveals evidence of a nearby quarry or some other exotic resource.

2. Rock which is chipped naturally and that looks like an artifact.

1. A physical or chemical feature of the earth that affects the well-being of organisms.
2. A geographical, or geochemical, aspect of an area which affects organisms living or growing in it.

Those factors which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic, or anthropogenic (man made), origins.

Growing on the ground.

The science of the formation of the earth's crust.

Any ground-constructed example of rock art; such as, intaglios or rock alignments; straight lines, geometric shapes, and other representative designs found on the desert plain.

Geoglyphs can be formed by piling up materials on the ground surface or by removing surface materials and most suggest a largely ceremonial function.