soil-, sole- +

1. A fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds.
2. Fertile soil that can be found in aquatic communities (living in or on water for all or a substantial part of the life span; generally restricted to fresh water or inland waters).

1. A type of soil that develops in arid, or dry, climates.
2. A soil that develops under sparse shrub vegetation in warm to cool arid climates with a light-colored surface soil usually underlain by calcareous material and a hardpan layer.
3. A soil variety typically found in arid climates, usually with little leaching and minimal humus content.

Referred to as an "aridisol" in the nomenclature of the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service.

1. The inner sole of a shoe or boot.
2. A thin removable liner placed inside a shoe to make it warmer or more comfortable or to prevent the buildup of odor.
3. Etymology: "bottom of the foot" c.1325, from Old French sole, from Latin solea, "sandal, bottom of a shoe"; from solum, "bottom, ground, soil".

Any soil consisting primarily of minerals; such as, sand, silt and clay materials; rather than organic matter (composting and mulching).

Human excrement collected at night from non-flushable toilets or cesspools; especially, for use as fertilizer.

Soil formed on a pre-existing landscape but which was not subsequently buried under younger sediments.

It should be taken into account that relict soils may represent a wide range of time periods.

1. The portion of the earth's surface consisting of disintegrated rock and humus.
2. All loose, unconsolidated, weathered, or otherwise altered surface material lying on the earth above bedrock. 3. A particular kind of earth; such as, sandy soil.
4. The ground when producing vegetation or as cultivated for its crops: "We used fertile soil for our garden."
5. A country, land, or region: "The criminal act was committed on American soil."
6. The ground or earth: "The farmers were tilling the soil."
7. Any place or condition providing the opportunity for growth or development: "Some people believe that poverty provides the soil for crime and social instability."

Carbon contained in the solid surface layer of the earth.

The amount of carbon in the soil is a function of the historic vegetative cover and productivity, which in turn is influenced by climatic variables.

Any of various methods of land management that seek to protect the soil from erosion and chemical decay, so as to maintain its quality.

The technique of strip cropping (alternating different crops) is one method of soil conservation because it is believed to provide almost total resistance to erosion.

The study of the relationship between the activities of soil organisms and the overall soil environment.

The detachment and transportation of topsoil by the action of wind and running water.

The branch of physical geography dealing with the geographical distribution of various soil types.

The branch of microbiology that deals with micro-organisms found in the soil, including their functions and their effects on the growth and maintenance of plant life.

Water stored in, or at, the continental surface and subject to evaporation.

A section through the soil showing the different layers from the surface soil to underlying bedrock.