gno-, gnos-, gnoto-, -gnostic, -gnosia, -gnomic, -gnomonic, -gnomical, -gnomy, -gnosia, -gnostic, -gnosis +

1. The study of organisms or conditions that are either free of germs or associated only with known or specified germs.
2. The study of animals in the absence of contaminating microorganisms; that is, of “germ-free” animals.

Living colonies or species, assembled from pure isolates (separations).

1. An individual organism from a group assembled from pure isolates or separations from other organisms. Also, gnotobiota.
2. A germ-free animal infected with one or more microorganisms in order to study the microorganism in a controlled situation.

1. A reference to germ-free or formerly germ-free organisms in which the composition of any associated microbial flora, if present, is fully defined.
2. The study of organisms or environmental conditions that have been rendered free of bacteria or contaminants or into which a known microorganism or contaminant has been introduced for research purposes.

1. The science of raising laboratory animals whose microfauna and microflora are specifically known in their entirety.
2. The study of organisms or environmental conditions that have been rendered free of bacteria or contaminants or into which a known microorganism or contaminant has been introduced for research purposes.

The state of existence of an organism bearing one or more known species in intimate contact with it and no other demonstrable viable microorganisms.

A historical description of the earth's water surface.

1. Great personal dishonor or humiliation.
2. Shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character.
3. From French ignominie, from Old French, from Latin ignominia (influenced by gnoscere, "to know").

1. An extremely ignorant person.
2. Someone who is ignorant, often ridiculously so; a dunce. 3. Etymology: From New Latin ignoramus, a grand jury's endorsement upon a bill of indictment when evidence is deemed insufficient to send the case to a trial jury, from Latin, "we do not know", first person plural, present tense, of ignorare, "to be ignorant".

English legal procedures were highly standardized as early as the sixteenth century. Grand juries of that era, like those of today, examined many indictments in order to decide whether the state should prosecute.

If member of the jury found evidence too weak for further action, the foreman wrote across the back of the indictment the word ignoramus; which is Latin for "we do not know" [as stated previously in the "Etymology" above].

1. A lack of knowledge or education.
2. Unawareness of something, often of something important.
3. A lack of knowledge, learning, information, etc.
4. The condition of being uneducated, unaware, or uninformed.

1. Lacking in knowledge or training; unlearned: an ignorant man.
2. Lacking knowledge or information as to a particular subject or fact: "He is ignorant of quantum physics, as most of us are.
3. Uninformed; unaware.
4. A result of or showing a lack of knowledge or training: "He made such an ignorant statement that no one had any confidence in anything that he said."

Ignorance of the law excuses no one.

Also given as Ignorantia iuris (juris) non excusat, "Ignorance of the law does not excuse". An even broader expression is Ignorantia non excusat, "Ignorance does not excuse"; which goes beyond the realm of law, providing us with the criticism of some unfortunate one who says, "But I didn't know . . . ."

1. Without knowledge, instruction, or information.
2. Unskillfully; inexpertly: "A man may mistake blunders as being wonderful and ignorantly admire them."

To refuse to pay attention to; to disregard; refusal to recognize.

Anyone who is unknown.