geo-, ge- +

Not reacting to gravity; that is, moving or turning away from the earth.

1. The absence of orientation movements in response to gravity.
2. Turning away from the earth.
3. A reference to parts of plants that would be expected to grow as gravity pulls them down, but instead grow upward; such as, the knee roots of cypress trees.

A reference to the study of rock minerals of importance to farming and horticulture, especially with regards to soil fertility and fertilizer components.

Additional details regarding agrogeological fertilization

By adding rock dust as a complete plant fertilizer along with plant matter, the soil may be much healthier.

• Rock dusts contain most of the nutrients essential for growth except for nitrogen and phosphorous.
• The release of nutrients is directly related to weathering; therefor, their beneficial effect could last for many years before needing replacement, and even longer if used in conjunction with sustainable farming techniques.
• The problem of nutrient leaching is minimized as plants take up the nutrients at the same rate as they are being released and there is also minimal problem with toxicity from oversupply of nutrients.
• Some dusts raise pH, countering the effects of soil acidity often found in certain soils.

If the soil is healthier then the plants will be healthier. Mixed rock dust can provide a full spectrum of minerals to the soil and this improves cellular structure, which could explain why rock dusted plants are more resistant to insect attacks and diseases.

It has been noted that the use of rock dust can reduce (or even replace) fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides.

Someone who specializes in agrogeology.

1. The study of geology, soil, crop, and horticultural sciences, and focusing on practical approaches to land management in developing and developed countries.
2. The study of minerals of importance to farming and horticulture, especially with regards to soil fertility and fertilizer components. These minerals are usually essential plant nutrients and are referred to as agrominerals.

Expanding the understanding of agrogeology

Agrogeology is the study of the natural fertilization that takes place when weathering breaks rocks into their constituent elements. It was first studied in the early nineteenth century; however, the success of the artificial fertilizers eliminated interest in this natural approach until the late 1970s when Dr. Chesworth, a geologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, combined his theoretical studies of rock decomposition to determine that weathering of a common volcanic rock like basalt made land more fertile.

Continuing studies indicate that volcanic rocks like basalt, supply the nutrients necessary for plant and animal growth. The essential elements for plant growth include: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum and chlorine. In addition, the presence of rock fragments in the soil and on the soil surface significantly influences infiltration, runoff, and moisture storage, all of which significantly effect plant growth.

In recent years, soil scientists have conducted numerous studies to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers on the nation's farmlands. Results from these analyses indicate remineralization can achieve a series of benefits:

• Combat the effects of pests and diseases that effect plant growth.
• Reduce the water requirements necessary for plant growth.
• Lower the cost of production and produce higher yields on treated lands.
• Provide the necessary nutrients to increase the quality and quantity of the plants grown.

1. An evolutionary change leading to the rise of new species resulting from the separation of a population into mutually exclusive geographic regions, thereby creating distinct gene pools.
2. Differentiation of populations in geographical isolation to the point where they are recognized as separate species.

1. A reference to a plant that has underground as well as aerial flowers.
2. Extending all over the earth from the equator to both poles.

Someone who specializes in anthropogeography.

1. A branch of anthropology that deals with the geographic distribution of divisions of humans based on physical characteristics, languages, customs, and institutions.
2. The study of the distribution of human types by physical characteristics, cultural traits, and the ethnic and racial distributions of people over geographical areas.

1. The quality of antagonism to the earth, its systems and biota; anti-Nature.
2. Etymology: from anti-, "against" plus Gaea, "earth goddess".

1. The point at which a satellite orbiting an astronomical object is farthest from the center of the object being orbited.
2. The point in the orbit of the moon, or of an artificial satellite, most distant from the center of the earth.
3. The point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited.
4. The farthest, or highest, point; a culmination.

Characterized by the response by an organism of turning away from the earth; such as, plant stems and leaves that grow upward.

The growth or orientation certain plants away from the earth; negative geotropism.

The tendency of leaves or other parts of a plant to turn upward or away for the earth; negative geotropism.

Ancient geological conditions or situations.

For a long time Vesuvius and Pompeii have been an archaeogeological mystery. Bodies found on dense layers of ash indicate that the volcano had been actively pouring pumice and ash into the atmosphere for some time but also that the inhabitants had felt secure enough not to flee.

When the end came; however, it came so quickly that people were caught wherever they were. Hundreds of people in Herculaneum who had time to run and tried to find refuge in doored arched storage caverns were still exposed to such surface temperatures that it is written that a hand raised to protect one's face was burned to the bone, while the other hand, unexposed to the blast, was not.