capit-, capt-, cap-, cep-, ceps-, chapt-, chef, cip- (Latin: head; leader, chief, or first)
Don't confuse the words in this capit-, capt- unit with those in the cap-, cip-, "catch, seize" unit.
achieve
1. To succeed in doing or gaining something, usually with effort.
2. To accomplish something successfully; perform at a standard or above a standard level.
3. Etymology: from Late Latin ad caput ( venire, "to come"); both the Old French and Late Latin phrases meaning literally, "to come to a head", from Latin caput, "head".
Word History
To achieve something is to bring plans and actions to a head. This is the literal meaning of the ancestor of our word achieve, which was borrowed from the French in Norman times. They made the verb achever out of the preposition a-, "to", and chief, "head": "to bring to a head".
Old French chief comes, in turn, through a thousand years of gradual changes, which only the strongest (accented) syllables survived, from Latin caput, "head". The original sense, "bring to a head", easily acquired the present significance, "bring to a successful conclusion, make a success" of the task at hand.
—Picturesque Word Origins; G. & C. Merriam Company;
Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A; 1933; page 8.
achievement
1. Something accomplished; especially, by superior ability, special effort, great courage, etc.
2. The act of achieving; attainment or accomplishment.
3. In heraldry, the full display of the armorial bearings (bearing a coat or coats of arms) of an individual or corporation.
achiever
1. Someone with a record of successes.
2. A successful and motivated person.
biceps
A muscle with two points of origin; especially, the large muscle at the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint and the large muscle at the back of the thigh that flexes the knee joint.
A person's biceps is a muscle having two heads or two points of attachment.
cadet
1. A student at a military school who is training to be an officer.
2. A student in a national service academy or private military school or on a training ship.
3. A student in training for service as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Coast Guard.
4. A trainee in a business or profession.
5. Formerly a gentleman, usually a younger son, who entered the army to prepare for a subsequent commission.
6. Etymology: from 1610, originally "young son", French from Gascon capdet, "captain, chief"; from Late Latin capitellum, diminutive of Latin caput, capit-, "head".
cape
1. A sleeveless garment of various lengths, fastened around the neck and falling loosely from the shoulders, worn separately or attached to a coat or other outer garment.
2. The capa of a bullfighter.
3. A piece of land jutting into the sea or some other large body of water.
4. Etymology: cape (1) "garment", Old English capa, from Late Latin cappa ,"cape, hooded cloak". Also, cape (2) "promontory" A.D. 1386, from Middle French cap, which came from Latin caput "headland, head".
capital
1. The city or town that is the official seat of government in a country, state, etc.: Tokyo is the capital of Japan or Berlin is the capital of Germany.
2. A city regarded as being of special eminence in some field of activity: Hollywood was once the movie capital of the world; however, it is now being challenged by Bollywood of India; the extravagantly theatrical Indian motion picture industry (a blend of Bombay plus Hollywood).
3. A capital letter (upper case) versus an uncapitalized letter (lower case).
4. The wealth, whether in money or property, owned or employed in business by an individual, firm, corporation, etc.
5. An accumulated stock of such corporate wealth.
6. Any form of wealth employed or capable of being employed in the production of more wealth.
7. In accounting, assets remaining after deduction of liabilities; the net worth of a business or the ownership interest in a business.
8. Any source of profit, advantage, power, etc.; an asset.
9. Capitalists as a group or class; as distinguished from a labor class.
capitalism
1. An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.
2. An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and motivation by profit.
capitalist
1. A person who invests capital in a business (especially a large business).
2. A conservative advocate of capitalism.
3. A person who has capital; especially, extensive capital, invested in business enterprises.
4. An advocate of capitalism.
5. A very wealthy person.
capitalize
1. To write or print in capital letters or with an initial capital.
2. To authorize a certain amount of stocks and bonds in the corporate charter of.
3. To issue stock as a dividend, thereby capitalizing retained earnings, or as settlement of an unpaid arrearage of preferred dividends.
4. In accounting, to set up (expenditures); such as, business assets in the books of account instead of treating as an expense.
5. To supply with capital.
6. To estimate the value of (a stock or an enterprise).
7. To use debt or budgeted expenditures as capital for development.
capitate
1. Head-shaped.
2. In anatomy, enlarged and globular at the tip, as a bone of the wrist having a rounded knoblike end.
3. In botany, forming a headlike mass or dense cluster, as the flowers of plants in the composite family; small flowers arranged in a dense cluster.
4. A description of a body part that is enlarged and rounded.
capitation
1. A payment or fee of a fixed amount per person.
2. A numbering or assessing by the head.
3. A fixed per capita payment made periodically to a medical service provider (as a physician) by a managed care group (as an HMO) in return for medical care provided to enrolled individuals.
capitol
1. The government building in Washington where the United States Senate and the House of Representatives meet.
2. A building or group of buildings in which a state legislature meets and where other state government offices may be housed.
3. Etymology: from the 14th century via French from Latin Capitolium, the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill in ancient Rome; from Latin caput, "head".
capitulate, capitulating
1. To surrender under specified conditions; to come to terms.
2. To give up all resistance; acquiesce.
3. To give up, as to a superior power or authority.
4. Etymology: from Latin capitulum; diminutive of caput, "head".
5. To surrender, as an army or garrison, to an enemy, by treaty, in which the terms of surrender are specified and agreed to by the parties.
The term is applicable to a garrison or to the inhabitants of a besieged place, or to an army or troops in any situation in which they are subdued or compelled to submit to a victorious enemy.
capitulated
Having ended all resistance; given up; gone along with, or complied with.
This may imply compliance with an enemy in war or an end to all resistance because of a loss of hope: "He argued and yelled for so long that we finally capitulated just so he would stop his raucous behavior."
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