ad- +
(Latin: to, a direction toward, addition to, near; at; used as a prefix)
The Latin element ad carries the idea of "in the direction of" and combines with many Latin words and roots to make common English words.
The form ad- appears in this form before a vowel and before the consonants d, h, j, m, and v. It is simplified to a- before sc, sp and st.
Before c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t; ad- is changed to ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, and at-.
In other words, the d of ad usually changes into the same letter as the first letter of the following root or word when it is a consonant: ad-fix becomes affix, and ad-sign becomes assign; therefore, making a double consonant.
Another example includes: attract as with ad-tract (drawn towards); so it has a double t. On the other hand when ad- precedes a vowel, as with adapt, it is simply ad-apt, with one d. For the same reason, there is only one d in adore and adumbrate, because ad- has combined with orare and umbra each of which starts with a vowel.
So, remember: since these Latin words begin with vowels and not consonants, the d of ad does not double as shown in the previous examples.
ad usum externum, ad us. exter.
For external use.
Ad utrumque paratus.
Ready for either [eventuality].
A mature person is ready to cope with any eventuality, including the final one; in other words: "Prepared for the worst." Compare with semper paratus.
ad valorem; ad val., ad v., a/v; ad valorem tax
According to value or per unit of value; that is, divided by the price.
Many states and federal governments tax energy extraction in this manner.
It also refers to taxes: "In proportion to invoiced value of goods." A term used when imposing customs and stamp duty, the duty increasing according to the value of the transaction of goods involved. Pronounced in English as: ad vuh LOH ruhm.
advance
1. To move, or to move someone or something, forward in position.
2. To put something forward; such as, a proposal.
3. To supply something or part of something; especially, money, before it is due.
4. To rise, or to make or help someone rise, in rank or position.
6. To make something happen earlier than originally expected.
advantage
1 A superior or favorable position in relation to someone or something: "He was hoping to gain an advantage in the negotiations with the company."
2. A circumstance or factor that places someone in a favorable position in relation to another person or to other people.
advection
1. The transfer of a property of the atmosphere; such as, heat, cold, or humidity, by the horizontal movement of an air mass: "Today's temperatures were higher due to the advection of warm air into the region."
2. The rate of change of an atmospheric property caused by the horizontal movement of air.
3. The horizontal movement of water, as in an ocean current.
advectional invesion
A departure from the usual decrease of temperature with increasing altitude, caused by advection.
advection fog
A type of fog formed when warm, moist air moves horizontally over a cold surface and the air is consequently cooled to below its dew point.
This condition is found especially along a coastline where the temperature of land and the temperature of water significantly differ.
advective
A reference to or caused by advection (the transfer of heat, cold, or other atmospheric properties by the horizontal motion of a mass of air).
adventitia, adventitial
A membrane that covers an organ but is not part of that organ.
adventitious
1. Not in the usual order or place.
2. Not natural or hereditary; such as, roots that form on stems, a growth of hair where it usually does not grow, or the growth of a plant in a foreign habitat.
adventitious bud
A leaf bud that occurs in an unusual position; such as, on leaves or roots.
adventure
1. That which comes to us, or happens without design; chance, fortune, luck.
2. A chance occurrence, an event or issue, an accident.
3. A hazardous or perilous enterprise or performance; a daring feat; hence, a prodigy, a marvel.
4. Any novel or unexpected event in which one shares; an exciting or remarkable incident befalling any one.
5. The encountering of risks or participation in novel and exciting events; adventurous activity, enterprise.
adverb
A word used to
modify (describe) or
limit (make specific), the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Most adverbs are formed by adding
-ly to adjectives; however, adjectives ending in
ic add
ally: basic, basically. Others, such as well, "far, low, hard, early", and "fast"; have the same form as adjectives.
In summary: adverbs tell manner (how), time (when), place (where), degree (how much), and sometimes cause (why).
Adverbs of manner: "politely, carefully, not, equally, tenderly".
Adverbs of time: "now, then soon, later, early, often".
Adverbs of place: "here, there, near, forward, far."
Adverbs of degree: "very, so, much, too, extremely, rather."
Adverbs of cause: "why, therefore, hence".
ad verbum
To the word.
This is the Latin equivalent of verbatim. There are several other Latin expressions for "word-for-word"; including: e verbo, de verbo, and pro verbo. These probably referred to the problems of making accurate copies before printing was invented.