ad-

(Latin: to, a direction toward, addition to, near; at; used as a prefix)

The Latin element ad carries the idea of "in the direction of" and combines with many Latin words and roots to make common English words.

Notice that the d of ad usually changes into the same letter as the first letter of the following root or word when it is a consonant: ad-fix becomes affix, and ad-sign becomes assign; therefore, making a double consonant.

Another example includes: attract is ad-tract (drawn towards); so it has a double t. On the other hand adapt is simply ad-apt, with one d. For the same reason, there is only one d in adore and adumbrate, because ad- has combined with orare and umbra.

Since these Latin words begin with vowels and not consonants, the d of ad does not double; even with other letter formats as shown previously.


Ad summum.
To the highest.

Motto of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.

adulterer
Someone who commits adultery or fornication (sexual intercourse between partners who are not married to each other).

The word fornication had a less than socially respectable beginning suitable to what has long been the low moral status of the act to which it refers. From Old French fornication, from Late Latin fornicationem (fornicatio), from fornicari "fornicate", from Latin fornix, "brothel"; originally "arch, vaulted chamber"; from fornus "oven of arched or domed shape".

Roman prostitutes commonly solicited customers from under the arches of certain buildings. So, fornication means, "voluntary sex between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman"; extended in the Bible as adultery.

ad unguem
Perfectly.

Literally, "to a fingernail", this phrase is used to convey the thought of accomplishing something well or precisely.

In ancient times, a sculptor would test the smoothness of a finished surface by running a fingernail over it.

ad unum
Unanimously.

Literally, "all to one", where the meaning is "unanimously".

ad usum; ad us.
According to usage.
Ad utrumque paratus.
Ready for either [eventuality].

A mature person is ready to cope with any eventuality, including the final one; in other words: "Prepared for the worst." Compare with semper paratus.

ad valorem; ad val., ad v., a/v
According to value.

Referring to taxes: "In proportion to invoiced value of goods." A term used when imposing customs and stamp duty, the duty increasing according to the value of the transaction of goods involved. Pronounced in English as: ad vuh LOH ruhm.

advance
advantage
adventure
1. That which comes to us, or happens without design; chance, fortune, luck.
2. A chance occurrence, an event or issue, an accident.
3. A hazardous or perilous enterprise or performance; a daring feat; hence, a prodigy, a marvel.
4. Any novel or unexpected event in which one shares; an exciting or remarkable incident befalling any one.
5. The encountering of risks or participation in novel and exciting events; adventurous activity, enterprise.
adverb
A word used to modify (describe) or limit (make specific), the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives; however, adjectives ending in ic add ally: basic, basically. Others, such as well, "far, low, hard, early", and "fast"; have the same form as adjectives.

In summary: adverbs tell manner (how), time (when), place (where), degree (how much), and sometimes cause (why).

Adverbs of manner: "politely, carefully, not, equally, tenderly".

Adverbs of time: "now, then soon, later, early, often".

Adverbs of place: "here, there, near, forward, far."

Adverbs of degree: "very, so, much, too, extremely, rather."

Adverbs of cause: "why, therefore, hence".

ad verbum
To the word.

This is the Latin equivalent of verbatim. There are several other Latin expressions for "word-for-word"; including: e verbo, de verbo, and pro verbo. These probably referred to the problems of making accurate copies before printing was invented.

adversary
1. One who, or that which, takes up a position of antagonism, or acts in a hostile manner; an opponent, antagonist; an enemy, a foe.
2. Etymology: from Anglo-French adverser, from Old French adversier, from Latin adversarius, "opponent, rival"; literally, "turned toward one", from adversus, "turned against".
adverse (ad VURS, AD vurs")
Opposed to, hostile to; unfavorable, contrary, opposing, negative: "Adverse winds prevented our plane from arriving on time."
"Do not be discouraged by adverse criticism."
adversed
1. Created as unfavorable, undesirable, or harmful results.
2. Having acted with or characterized by opposition or antagonism; for example, adversed publicity.
3. Momentum that existed in a direction away from that which was desired.
4. In botany, a leaf or flower that faced the main stem.
5. Etymology: from Old French avers (Modern French adverse); from Latin adversus, "turned against"; therefore, "hostile"; past participle of advertere, from ad-, "to" + vertere, "to turn".

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