barbar-

(Greek > Latin: foreign, strange, outlandish)

Don't confuse this element with barba- which means "beard".

Barbara (s) (proper noun), Barbaras (pl)
1. A female name: In Mr. Stewart's class he had 30 students, and two girls had the name of Barbara.
2. Ety,mology: from Latin, feminine of barbarus "strange, foreign, barbarous"; previously from Greek barbaros.
barbaralalia (s) (noun) (no pl)
Outdated, a form of paralalia (utterance of a vocal sound other than the one desired) that is shown when speaking a foreign language: When trying to learn English, the German students in Mrs. Green's class had real problems pronouncing certain words correctly because they spoke with a foreign (German) accent.
barbarian (adjective) (not comparable)
Uncultivated, uncultured, crude, unsophisticated, uncouth: The artist accused the public of having barbarian tastes.
barbarian (s) (noun), barbarians (pl)
1. Historically, someone who was not a Greek; a barbaryn (old spelling): A barbarian became a person living outside the boundary of the Roman empire and its civilization. The term was applied especially to the northern nations that overthrew them and then followed by anyone who existed outside the realm of Christian civilization.
2. A rude, savage, alien, wild, uncivilized person: Tom said that his next-door neighbor was a barbarian because he threw his garbage over the fence, screamed wildly in the street, especially at night, and always used vulgar language.
3. An uncultured person, or someone who has no sympathy with literary culture: Mary said her brother was a barbarian who had absolutely no appreciation of art, music, theater performances, and never read a book of any kind.
4. Applied by nations, generally depreciatively, to foreigners: Thus barbarians were those living at various times and the term was used with various speakers or writers, for example for non-Hellenic, non-Roman (most usual), and non-Christian people.
5. A foreigner, one whose language and customs differ from the speaker's: Sally's friend Tom thought that the man from France was a barbarian because he didn't even try to speak English, and the French guy wasn't even interested in any English traditions although he was living in England.
6. Etymology: from Greek barbaros, "non-Greek, foreign, barbarous," from an Indo-European imitative base barb, "to stammer, stutter; and unintelligible." The Greeks were quoted as saying that foreigners sounded as if they were saying, "Barbar, Barbar," which was, for the Greeks, unintelligible.

Barbarian, from Latin barbarus. It seems to have signified, at first, only a foreign or a foreigner; but, in time, it implied some degree of wildness or cruelty.

—Samuel Johnson; A dictionary of the English Language;
3rd Edition; 1765.
barbarianess(s) (noun), barbarianesses (pl)
Rare, a female monster, sadist, or swine: Jim thought his little sister was a barbarianess because she always distressed, got on his nerves, and threw his favorites things into the garbage.
barbarianism (s) (noun), barbarianisms (pl)
1. A very primitive character or sadistic condition: Some people say that when a country is desperate following a war, it might fall into a state of barbarianism
barbarianize (verb); barbarianizes; barbarianized; barbarianizing
1. To cause to become uncultured or savage: In the story, the newcomers barbarianize the inhabitants of the village turning them all into cruel, brutal, and violent people.
2.To adapt a strange or foreign style of speech: Jack thought he would be funny and barbarianize is way of talking to his parents, but they told him to quit talking in a way they couldn't understand.
barbaric (adjective), more barbaric, most barbaric
1. Descriptive of non-civilizing influences; uncivilized; primitive: In the novel,barbaric invaders suddenly ambushed the little village. causing havoc and death among the inhabitants. .
2. Of, like, or befitting barbarians: In the story, there was a barbaric empire which was led by chiefs with arbaric means to keep the people under control..
3. Marked by crudeness or lack of restraint in taste, style, or manner; In the magazine there were photos of barbaric decorations in a house on the outskirts of the village and looked quite scary..
barbarically (adverb), more barbarically, most barbarically
Deskriptive of how a person does something in a very primitive or cruel way: It is really terrible that some people treat their dogs barbarically and have them tied up in a cage day after day.
barbarism (s) (noun), barbarisms (pl)
1. An act, trait, or custom characterized by ignorance or crudity: In a country, education should be high on the list of government priorities, otherwise the nation might collapse into a state of barbarism
2. The use of words, forms, or expressions considered incorrect or unacceptable; When there is an error in language, like in a specific word,in its form, or in expression, it can be termed as a barbarism.

Barbarism versus barbarity

There is a significant difference in meaning between barbarism and barbarity. Both denote some absence of civilization, but the word "civilization" itself has several different senses, one the opposite of barbarism, the other the opposite of barbarity.

On the one hand civilization may refer to the scientific, artistic, and cultural attainments of advanced societies, and it is this sense that figures in the meaning of barbarism. The English word barbarism originally referred to incorrect use of language, but it is now used more generally to refer to ignorance or crudity in matters of taste, including verbal expression: “The newspaper would never allow such barbarisms“.

On the other hand, civilization may refer to the basic social order that allows people to resolve their differences peaceably, and it is this sense, that is civilization as opposed to savagery that figures in the meaning of barbarity, which refers to savage brutality or cruelty in actions: “The reports of the terrorists' barbarity in the way they treated their hostages has been worse than anyone could have anticipated.“

barbarity (s) (noun), barbarities (pl)
1. Savage brutality or cruelty in actions or conduct: The newspaper was full of articles describing the barbarity that was taking place in the current war.
2. A cruel or savage act (no pl): The barbarity of his actions towards his brother caused the police to intervene.
3. Brutality or inhuman conduct; cruelty: News regarding the barbarity towards of women was something that appeared often in the local newspaper.
Barbarity is an act or instance of cruelty or inhumanity.
4. Crudity of style, taste, expression, etc.: The barbarity of Jake's comments toward the waiter caused the owner of the restaurant to throw him out!
barbarization, barbarisation (s) (noun), barbarizations; barbarisations (pl)
Any act that makes people primitive and uncivilized; barbarisation: Barbarization implies the degradation, or change of a state to a lower one including a complete lack of respect.
barbarize (verb), barbarizes; barbarized; barbarizing
1. To make crude or savage in behavior or speech: James was among a number of rough teenagers who thought it was fun to barbarize the younger kids at school, so James decided to avoid those hooligans.
2. To become crude or savage or barbaric in behavior or language: Tom wanted to be cool among the other boys at school, so his vocabulary barbarized into many vulgar and obscene words when talking.
barbarocracy (s) (noun), barbarocracies (pl)
A government or rule by barbarians: Barbarocracy can be exemplified by that of Italy in the past or by the German emperors.
barbarous (adjective), more barbarous, most barbarous
1. Relating to language that is not pure or classical: Mr. In Mr. Straight's English class, he was very strict with the way his students expressed themselves, and strongly reprimanded the students who spoke in a barbarous way.
2. Uncultured or uncivilized: In the story, there were some people who lived on an island in a barbarous, primitive, wild, and savage way.
3. Pertaining to an animal or person that is especially cruel or mercilessly violent: In the documentary film on TV, Mr. Adams watched how some wolves killed and tore apart a deer in a barbarous and savage manner.

Related "foreign, strange" word families: allotrio-; xeno-.