grapho-, graph-, -graph, -graphy, -grapher, -graphia +

1. Defined in dictionaries as the art of writing in ciphers or characters that are not intelligible, except to the persons who correspond with each other; cryptography (secret writing).
2. The art and science of communicating in a way that hides the existence of the communication. Steganography attempts to hide messages inside other harmless messages in such a way that third parties cannot even detect the existence of the concealed message.
3. The science of communicating in a way that hides the existence of the actual communication. The practice of hiding information in a wider bandwidth carrier. This field covers the techniques used in digital watermarking schemes.
4. In cryptography, steganography refers to not only obfuscating (encrypting) data, but hiding the fact that it even exists.
5. The art and science of hiding information by embedding messages within other, seemingly harmless messages.

More details about steganography.

For other "secret" words, see: crypto-.

1. The practice of chiseling commemorative inscriptions in pillars, tablets, and stelae (upright slabs or smooth flat sheets of rock).
2. Any inscription or writing of characters on pillars.

An inscription on a stele; the practice of placing commemorative inscriptions on steles, tablets, or pillars.

Someone who writes shorthand.

The art of writing in shorthand.

Telegraphy using an abbreviated code.

A picture with two superimposed images or two almost identical pictures placed side by side which, when viewed through special glasses or a stereoscope, produce a three-dimensional image.

1. The technique, or art, of depicting a three-dimensional object on a flat surface.
2. The study and construction of defined geometric objects.
3. Photography that involves the use of stereoscopic equipment.

Preparation of a pair of radiographs with an appropriate shift of the X-ray tube or film so that the images can be viewed stereoscopically to give a three-dimensional appearance.

An apparatus for recording the respiratory movements of the chest.

An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax, or chest wall, during respiration.

In geology, a geologist who specializes in the study of stratigraphy.

The branch of geology that is concerned with the order and relative position of the strata of the earth’s crust.

1. The study of the origin, composition, and development of rock strata.
2. A section cut vertically through the earth showing its different layers and allowing artefacts to be dated according to the layers in which they are found.
3. The way in which rock strata are arranged, and the chronology of their formation.
4. In geology, a branch of geology that is concerned with the systemized study, description, and classification of stratified rocks, including their origins, composition, characteristics, distribution, and correlation with one another.

Commonly these layers are levels of sedimentary rock, but stratigraphy can also include the study of non-ossified sediments; such as, those in stream beds and lake bottoms, of inclusions in volcanic ash and lava, and even the study of different layers of human occupation.

The processes of sedimentation, including the presence of certain types of fossils, provide scientists with valuable clues about the age of the earth and its history.

These principles are valuable for many different types of scientists, ranging from prospecting geologists to city planner to archaeologists and paleontologists studying human and animal history and prehistory.

Military science or writings about military engagements, etc.