grapho-, graph-, -graph, -graphy, -grapher, -graphia +
(Greek: to scratch; to write, to record, to draw, to describe; that which is written or described)
As indicated at the bottom of this page, there are at least 1,140 graphic word groups in this unit. Such an extensive listing is provided to show how significant the grapho- element is to the English language.
cosmography
1. A representation of the earth or the heavens.
2. The science that maps the general features of the universe or describes both heaven and earth (but without encroaching on geography or astronomy).
3. A general description of the world, or the universe, its interrelations and materials.
4. The science dealing with the structure of the universe, including astronomy, geography, and geology.
craniograph
An instrument for making drawings to scale of the diameters and general configuration, topographical chart, or outlines, of the skull.
craniography
The art of representing, by drawings made from measurements, the configuration of the skull and the relations of its angles and craniometric points.
crescograph
A device for recording the degree and rate of growth.
cryptogram, cryptograph
1. A message or writing in code or cipher.
2. A machine for writing or deciphering encoded messages.
cryptographer, cryptographist
Someone who specializes in the science or study of secret writing.
cryptographic, cryptographical, cryptographal
1. A reference to the science or study of secret writing, especially code and cipher systems.
2. Characterized by the procedures and methods of making and using secret languages; such as, codes or ciphers.
cryptography, cryptology
1. The science or study of secret writing, especially codes and ciphers.
2. The procedures and methods of making and using codes and ciphers.
3. The procedures and methods of making and using secret languages; such as, codes or ciphers.
A spy is deciphering a coded message.
crystallographer
Someone who works in the branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals, their internal arrangements, and their properties.
crystallography
A line of work in the branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals, their internal arrangements, and their properties.
cymograph
A scientific instrument consisting of a rotating drum holding paper on which a stylus traces a continuous record (as of breathing or blood pressure).
cystography
An X-ray examination of the urinary bladder after the introduction of a liquid that is partially opaque to X-rays.
This type of examination frequently is part of a complete x-ray study of the kidneys, urethra, and ureters as well as the bladder. It is useful in diagnosing tumors or other defects in the bladder wall, vesicoureteral reflux (backward flow of urine from the bladder into a ureter), and calculi or other pathologic conditions of the bladder.
cystometrography
The graphic recording of the pressure exerted at varying degrees of filling of the urinary bladder.
cystoureterographic
A reference to radiography of the bladder and urethra.
cystourethrography
Radiography of the bladder and urethra during voiding, following filling of the bladder with a radiopaque contrast medium either by intravenous injection or retrograde catheterization.
Related "writing" word units:
glypto-;
gram-;
scrib-, script-.
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