super-, supra-, sur- +
(Latin: above, over, more than; excessive)
Sur- is a form of super- formed through the French and shouldn't be confused with another assimilated sur- form that comes from sub- and means: "under, below, beneath".
In some words, super- is amplified to mean: "on top of; higher in rank or position than; superior to; greater in quality, amount, or degree than others of its kind; to a degree greater than others of its kind; to a degree greater than normal; extra, additional".
soprano
1. A woman, girl, or young boy with the highest register of singing voice.
2. The highest register of singing voice a woman, girl, or boy can have.
3. A singing part written for someone with the highest register of voice.
4. A musical instrument; especially, a wind instrument, with the highest or second-highest pitch of instruments in its family.
5. Etymology: "the highest singing voice", from Italian soprano, "the treble in music"; literally, "high", from sopra, "above"; from Latin supra, singular of super.
soubrette
1. A pretty, flirtatious woman's role in a comedy; especially, one in which she plays a lady's maid involved in romantic intrigues.
2. Etymology: from about 1753, "theatrical jargon for lady's maid characters in plays and operas, who were usually pretty, flirtatious, and intriguing."
From French, soubreto, "affected, conceited"; feminine of soubret, "coy, reserved", from soubra, "to set aside"; originally, "to exceed", from Old Provence sobrar, from Latin superare, "to rise above, to overcome"; from super, "over, above, beyond".
sovereign
1. Someone who exercises supreme, permanent authority; especially, in a nation or other governmental unit, as: (a) A king, queen, or other noble person who serves as chief of state; a ruler or monarch; (b) A national governing council or committee.
2. A nation that governs territory outside its borders.
3. A gold coin formerly used in Great Britain.
4. Etymology: from about 1280, from Old French
soverain, from Vulgar Latin
superanus, "chief, principal"; which came from Latin
super, "over".
The spelling of the English word sovereign (with g) is believed to be a result of the influence of reign, with which the word sovereign was associated according to folk etymology.
sovereignty
1. Supreme authority, especially over a state or country.
2. The right to self-government without interference from outside by others.
3. A politically independent state.
4. Royal rank, authority, or power.
subsurface
Relating to, or situated in an area beneath a surface; especially, the surface of the earth or of a body of water.
sum
1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars as determined by or as if by the mathematical process of addition: "The sum of 5 and 11 is 16."
2. A particular aggregate or total; especially, with reference to money: "The expenses for the trip came to a reasonable sum."
3. An indefinite amount or quantity; especially, of money: "They were willing to lend small sums for emergencies."
4. A series of numbers or quantities to be added up.
5. The full amount, or the whole.
6. The substance, or gist, of a matter, comprehensively or broadly viewed or expressed: "He submitted the sum of his opinions based on his analysis of the situation."
7. A concise or brief form.
8. Etymology: from about 1290, "quantity or amount of money", from Anglo-French and Old French
summe; from Latin
summa, "total number, whole, essence, gist". It is the noun use of
summus, "highest".
The sense development from "highest" to "total number" is probably via the Roman custom of adding up a stack of figures from the bottom and writing the sum at the top, rather than at the bottom as we do now.
summarily
1. Immediately and without discussion or attention to formalities.
2. In a prompt or direct manner; immediately.
3. Etymology: from Middle Latin summarius, "of or pertaining to the sum or substance"; from Latin summa, "whole, gist"; noun use of the feminine of summus, "highest".
summarize
1. To give a shortened version of something that has been said or written, stating its main points.
2. To give a recapitulation of the salient (prominent, worthy of note, pertinent, or relevant) facts; to recapitulate (repeat in a concise form), or review.
summary
1. A shortened version of something that has been said or written, containing only the main points.
2. Presenting the substance of something in a condensed form; a concise repetition: "He made a summary review of what happened."
3. Performed speedily and without ceremony; such as, summary justice; a summary rejection.
summation
1. The final summing-up of an argument in a court of law.
2. A summary of something that has been said or written.
3. A total amount or aggregate of something.
4. The process of adding something up to find a total.
5. Etymology: from Modern Latin summationem, summatio, "an adding up" from Late Latin summatus and summare, "to sum up" from Latin summa with the use of the feminine of summus, "highest".
summit
1. The highest point or part, as of a hill, a line of travel, or any object; top; apex.
2. The highest point of attainment or aspiration: the summit of one's ambition.
3. The highest state or degree.
4. The highest level of diplomatic or other governmental officials: "A meeting of governments was planned for the summit."
summum bonum
The highest good.
The highest attainable good.
Summum jus, summa injuria.
Extreme justice is extreme injustice. -Cicero, On Duties, I, x, 33.
super
1. Informal, an article or a product of superior size, quality, or grade; having outstanding or excellent qualities.
2. Informal, very large, great, or extreme.
3. Informal, a superintendent in an apartment or office building.
4. Informal, supernumerary.
5. In printing, a thin starched cotton mesh used to reinforce the spines and covers of books.
superable
The possibility of overcoming, or solving, a problem; surmountable (successfully deal with a difficulty).
Related "above, over, beyond the normal, excessive" word units:
epi-;
hyper-;
ultra-, ult-.
Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing":
copi-;
exuber-;
hyper-;
multi-;
opulen-;
ple-;
pleio-;
plethor-;
poly-;
total-;
ultra-;
undu-.