ptomato-, ptomat-, pto-, -ptosia, -ptosis, -ptoma, -ptot- +

1. Disintegration of cells into membrane-bound particles that are then eliminated by phagocytosis or by shedding.
2. A form of cell death necessary to make way for new cells and to remove cells whose DNA has been damaged to the point at which cancerous change is liable to occur.
3. The process by which cells naturally self-destruct in the body, also known as "programmed cell death".
4. Etymology: formed from the Greek prefix apo-, “off, from, away; at an extreme”; and is linked to the Greek ptosis, “a falling in" or "falling upon (something)”; which appears as a word by itself in medical language for a prolapse and in a few other rather rare compounds, including Samuel Becket’s panpygoptosis for "Duck’s disease".

More about apoptosis

Apoptosis is a form of cell death in which a programmed sequence of events leads to the elimination of cells without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.

It plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining health by eliminating old cells, unnecessary cells, and unhealthy cells. The human body replaces perhaps a million cells a second. Too little or too much apoptosis plays a role in a great many diseases.

When programmed cell death does not work properly, cells that should be eliminated may hang around and become immortal; for example, in cancer and leukemia. When apoptosis works overly well, it kills too many cells and inflicts grave tissue damage. This is the case in strokes and neurodegenerative disorders; such as, Alzheimer, Huntington, and Parkinson diseases.

Apoptosis is also called "programmed cell death" or "cell suicide". Strictly speaking, the term apoptosis refers only to the structural changes cells go through, and programmed cell death refers to the complete underlying process, but the terms are often used interchangeably.

1. Showing no evidence of disease.
2. Neither causing nor exhibiting symptoms of disease.
3. Without any symptoms; for example, an asymptomatic infection is obviously an infection with no symptoms.

1. A straight line that a curve continually approaches, but never meets, even if the curve is extended to infinity.
2. A line that draws increasingly nearer to a curve without ever meeting it.
3. Etymology: from Greek asymptotos, "not falling together", from a-, "not" + syn "with" + ptotos, "fallen"; from piptein, "to fall".

1. Referring to an asymptote.
2. Approaching a given value as an expression containing a variable tends to infinity.
3. Of two functions, so defined that their ratio approaches unity as the independent variable approaches a limit or infinity.
4. With reference to a formula, becoming increasingly exact as a variable approaches a limit, usually infinity.
5. Coming into consideration as a variable approaches a limit, usually infinity: asymptotic property; asymptotic behavior.

1. The drooping of the upper eyelid resulting from paralysis.
2. Drooping of an upper eyelid because of paralysis.

Causes include aging, diabetes, stroke, Horner's syndrome (nerve condition which involves a dropping eyelid), myasthenia gravis (fatigue of certain voluntary muscle groups), brain tumor or cancer.

The downward displacement of the heart.

A condition resulting from paralysis of the extensor muscles of the hand and fingers; or paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers causing the hand to hang down at the wrist.

1. An abnormally downward position of the intestines in the abdominal cavity.
2. The abnormal descent of the intestines in the abdominal cavity, usually associated with the downward displacement of other viscera.

Downward displacement of the stomach; a term based on the outmoded concept that variation in position of abdominal organs is pathologic.

1. A downward displacement or retraction of the tongue towards the pharynx.
2. A dropping of the tongue downward out of its normal position.

1. A condition in which the larynx is found to have shifted to an unusually low level in the neck and may be abnormally mobile. It is regarded by some as an occasional feature of old age.
2. An abnormally low position of the larynx, which may be congenital or acquired; does not impair the health of the neonate. Some degree of laryngoptosis occurs with aging.

Ptosis, sagging, or pendulous condition of the mammary glands or breasts.

The suppression of a day in the calendar to prevent the date of the new moon being set a day too late, or the suppression of the bissextile day once in 134 years.

The opposite to this is the proemptosis, or the addition of a day every 330 years, and another every 2,400 years.

From Greek, "after" and "to fall".

1. The prolapse of the uterus.
2. The downward displacement of the uterus so that the cervix is within the vaginal orifice (first-degree prolapse), the cervix is outside the orifice (second-degree prolapse), or the entire uterus is outside the orifice (third-degree prolapse).

1. Prolapse or the downward displacement of the kidney.
2. The downward displacement of a kidney; also called "floating kidney".