pac-, peac-, peas- +

(Latin: peace, peaceful, calm, quiet; eased anger or agitation)


pacify
1. To soothe anger or agitation; synonyms: mollify, conciliate, appease, placate.
2. To subdue by armed action.
3. To fight violence and to make efforts to establish peace in an area.

Unhappy babies are often given a rubber device for sucking called a pacifier to stop their crying. In the same way, someone stirred up by anger or some other strong emotion can ukskually be pacified by resolving or removing its causes.

In a usage that refers to a military combat area, it means using armed force to neutralize the enemy there and to quiet the local people who may have been supporting them.

pacifying
1. Bringing or restoring to a state of peace or tranquility; encouraging quiet; making calm: "She made every effort at pacifying the angry man."
2. Appeasing; such as, pacifying one's appetite.
3. Reducing to a state of submission; especially, by military force; subduing.
pact
1. An agreement between two or more people or groups.
2. A treaty or formal agreement between nations to deal with a problem or to resolve a dispute.
3. An agreement, especially if formal and/or between the representatives of nations.
4. A compact; a bargain.

Since a pact often ends a period of unfriendly relations, the word has "peace" at its root. Pact is generally used in the field of international relations, where we often speak of an "arms pact" or a "fishing-rights pact"; but it may also be used for a solemn agreement or promise between two people.

pax
Peace.
pay
1. To give someone money for work done or for goods or services provided: "They were paid a small fortune for renovating the house."
2. To settle a debt or other financial obligation.
3. To bring in an amount of money: "She wanted to know how much the job would pay."
4. Etymology: from Middle English payen, "to pacify, to appease, to please, to pay"; from Old French paier, from Latin pacare, "to pacify"; from pac-, pax, "peace".

Just as parents, with the objective of having a quiet home, give their babies "pacifiers"; so, employers pay their employees, in an effort to avoid the difficulties of a discontented work force.

Etymologically as well, "to pay" is to pacify. The Latin verb pacare, "to pacify", is derived from pax, "peace". In the Middle Ages, pacare was used specifically to mean "to pacify a creditor by paying a debt" and eventually, more generally "to pay".

The Romance derivatives of the Latin word, including Old French paier, had both the original sense of "to pacify, to please", or "to appease"; and appease like pay and pacify, is a descendant of Latin pax; as well as, the later sense of "to pay".

—Based on information from
Webster's Word Histories; A Merriam-Webster;
Merriam-Webster, Inc., Publishers; Springfield, Massachusetts;
1989; page 350.

An additional confirmation of the etymological source of pay

Probably before 1200, paien, "to please, to satisfy, to put money down"; later, "to recompense, to requite, to appease"; borrowed from Old French paiier, from Latin pacare, "to appease, to pacify", or "to satisfy"; especially, a creditor, from pax, "peace".

The meaning in Latin of "to pacify" or "to satisfy" developed through Medieval Latin into that of "pay a creditor", and so "to pay", generally, in the Romance languages (Old French paiier, Provencal, Spanish, Portuguese pagar, Italian pagare, etc.).

In some of these languages, the verb still has both senses; but in French and in English, the sense of "to satisfy" or "to please" has become obsolete.

—Based on information from
The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology; Robert K. Barnhard, Editor;
The H.W. Wilson Company; 1988; page 767.
payable
1. Requiring payment on a certain date; due date.
2. Requiring payment to a particular person or entity.
3. Subject to or requiring payment; especially, as specified: "His loan was to be payable next month."
4. Capable of producing profit: "He started a payable business venture."
payee
1. A person to whom a payment is to be made.
2. Someone to whom money is being paid or is due; especially, the person to whom a check or money order is payable.
payer
1. A person who pays money or other compensation.
2. The person named in a bill or note who has to pay the holder.
payment
1. An amount of money that is paid or is due to be paid.
2. The act of paying money, or fact of being paid: "She expected the payment to be made at the end of the month."
3. A reward or punishment given in return for some kind of behavior or action.
peace
1. Freedom from war, or the time when a war or conflict ends; such as, a peace agreement.
2. A calm and quiet state, free from disturbances or noises.
3. A state of mental calm and serenity, with no anxiety.
4. Freedom from conflict or disagreement among people or groups of people.
5. A treaty agreeing to an end of hostilities between two warring parties.
6. The absence of violence or other disturbances within a state.
peaceable
1. Disposed to peace or of a peaceful nature.
2. Inclined toward peace and avoiding contentious situations.
2. Tranquil and free from strife and disorder.
peaceably
1. In a peaceable manner.
2. A reference to being peaceful and undisturbed.
peaceful
1. Not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war.
2. Quiet, calm, and tranquil; such as, a peaceful atmosphere.
3. Serene and untroubled in one's mind.
4. Inclined or disposed to peace; peaceable.
peacefully
1. In a peaceful manner: "They live peacefully with their neighbors."
2. A reference to being calm and quiet with a lack of interruption or annoyance from worry, problems, noise, or unwanted actions.
peacefulness
1. The condition in which one is calm and tranquil.
2. A situation which is inclined or disposed to peace; peaceable.
3. Of or characteristic of a condition of peace.

Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "calm, calmness, peace, quiet": plac-; quies-, quiet-; seren-.


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