mend- +

(Latin: defect, blemish)


amend
1. To free (a person) from faults, correct, reform, turn from wrong, convert.
2. To reform oneself, abandon one's faults or evil ways.
3. In law, to correct (an error committed in a legal process), or rectify (a legal document).
4. To repair or make good (what is broken or damaged).
5. The change from e- to a- took place very early, being found in Old French and Middle English.
amendable
That which can be amended, corrected, bettered, repaired, or make amends for.
amendatory
Intended or serving to correct or improve something.
amendment
1. The action of amending, whether in process, or as completed.
2. The removal of a fault; to make a correction or reformation.
3. In a Public Meeting: A proposed alteration in the terms of a resolution submitted to a meeting for adoption; extended to a resolution proposed instead of or in opposition to another; a countermotion.
amends
1. Reparation, retribution, restitution, compensation, satisfaction; especially in the phrase, to make amends.
2. Something done or given as compensation for a wrong or sometimes even a perceived wrong.
emend
1. To free (a thing) from faults, to correct (what is faulty), to rectify.
2. To remove errors from (the text of a book or document) by making corrections or alterations to improve the text.

Emend comes from Latin e-, "out" + mendum, "fault". This Latin mendum, "fault", is also the source of amend and mend.

It is well to remember that although amend and emend overlap in meaning, there is also a distinct difference.

  • To amend is to change something in order to improve it: "He amended the speech by making some additions and deletions."
  • To emend is to change something in order to correct it: "He emended the report by substituting the correct figures for the erroneous ones."
  • Because emend seems to be losing favor and amend is taking over both meanings, the terms "to correct, to rectify", etc. were added to the definition in amend above, but precise writers would still consider these as proper synonyms only for emend, not for amend.
emendation
Improvement by alteration and correction; especially of literary or artistic products, methods of procedure, scientific systems, etc.; a particular instance of such improvement.
mend
1. To free (a person, his character or habits) from sin or fault; to improve morally; to reform; occasionally, to cure of (a fault).
2. To remove the defects of (a thing); to correct (what is faulty); to improve by correction or alteration.

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